Scientific Instruments - Types and Uses

What are Scientific Instruments?

Scientific Instruments are specifically designed instruments used in science research activities and laboratories. These instruments are used to rationally and logically explain the fundamentals of science through practical representation. Further, these instruments help in having accurate and clear observations of various experiments, which are generally performed in laboratories and scientific research centers. Some of these instruments are Microscopes, Gravimeter, Electroscope, Spectrogram, Voltmeter, Magnetometer, DNA Sequencer, Calorimeter and many others.

Scientific Instruments are basically used to control, enhance, simplify and extend instrumental functions. Furthermore, these are helpful in doing parameter adjustments, data sampling, collection, resolution, analysis (both after as well as during process), storage, retrieval of statistics and data recording. One can find wide range of sizes in these instruments. For instance, particle colliders, radio telescopes are very huge and bulky. On the other hand, we have diagnostic machines, which are comparatively smaller in size.

Various Types Of Scientific Instruments And Their Uses

Accelerometer:

It is an instrument designed to measure acceleration. Available in single as well as multi axis models, these instruments are accurately measure direction and magnitude. In addition to this, it can also measure and detect gravitational waves.

Anemometer:

It is a specifically designed instrument required in measurement of speed and pressure of wind. It is mainly used at weather stations. These are available in various shapes and sizes, customized for different uses and applications.

Calorimeter:

It finds its application in measuring physical changes, chemical reactions and heat capacity. It is available in different variations such as Isothermal Micro Calorimeters, Scanning Calorimeters and Accelerated Rate Calorimeters.

DNA Sequencer:

DNA sequencing process is automated using this particular scientific instrument. It is commonly used in field of biotechnology, diagnostics and forensic biology.

Electrometer & Electroscopes:

An electrometer is an instrument used for measuring electric charge and electrical potential difference. Modern day electrometer can be used to make voltage and charge measurements with low leakage currents. Electroscopes work on similar principle but indicates relative magnitude of voltage and charges.

Electrostatic Analyzer:

This instrument is employed in electric field to allow passage for electrons or ions that possess specific energy.

Gravimeter:

Gravimeter, also known as Gravitometer, is used to measure the local gravitational field of the Earth. There are two types of gravimeter: absolute and relative. Absolute gravimeter measures local gravity in absolute units. Relative gravimeter compares the value of gravity at one point with another.

Spectogram:

It is an instrument widely used to measure sound frequency, amplitude and wavelength of sound waves. Moreover, it is used in various fields other than science such as Music, Speech Processing, Seismology, Sonar/Radar.

Magnetometer:

It is an instrument used to measure strength or direction of magnetic field. This magnetic field can be natural or artificially created in laboratories. Magnetometers can be applied in various fields like Submarines, Locating Toxic Waste Drums, Weather Predictions, Heart Beat Monitors, Archeology, Drill Guidance Systems, Radio Wave Propagation, Planet Exploration and others.

Oscilloscope:

It is a type of electronic test instrument. It is used to observe the constantly varying signal voltages, wavelength, frequency, amplitude and waveform shape/ pattern.

Spectrometer:

This instrument is specially designed to measure specific patterns of light over a specific portion of electromagnetic spectrum. It is mainly used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines. In addition to this, it measures wavelengths and intensities of these lines over a specific range.

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